Cre 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for the users who wanted CLONE to take an input Just like the built-in SET except that its first input is a Reporter slot, not a dropdown menu, so you can use the grey-border shortcut notation. takes a list as reported by SAVESTATE and restores each property to its saved value takes any number of attribute or variable getters and reports a list containing the saved state of those sprite properties a common example Many thanks to nXIII for the brilliant idea of making CASE a reporter in his design for the SWITCH block demonstrated below. We changed the name of the CASE block to SWITCH.CASE so that it comes near SWITCH in the alphabetical listing in the palette. In each SWITCH.CASE and in the ELSE script, an empty input slot represents the value given as the first input to the SWITCH block. CONTROL palette: This is a collection of useful procedures for BYOB users. Version 2.0. Several of them have a variable named "#" at the left end of the block. This variable will be equal to the number of repetitions so far of some action (1 the first time, 2 the second, etc.) or equal to the item number in a list, when something is being done for each item of the list. The # can be dragged into the blocks or scripts used as inputs to this block. The scripts below are just samples to show how these tools work; they aren't meant to be a useful project. Switch to tiny-stage mode to see the comments! examples demonstrating the use of the ATTRIBUTE block Just the CONTAINS block rearranged to fit better the case of a constant list. From an idea by ScratchReallyROCKS. The identity function: just reports its input unchanged. This is sometimes useful as input to a function-of-functions if you don't want to compute a new value. Also for making constant functions. MAP can take N same-length lists and a function of N inputs. As mentioned above, it can be more efficient to do complicated computations using lists of the words rather than a string with spaces between the words of a sentence. These allow conversion between sentences (strings) and lists of words. These are for sentences; they find everything up to the first space if any, and everything after the first space if any. Conceptually, the elements of a sentence are words, not letters. Does nothing. Occasionally useful if you want to call a reporter but you don't care about the value it reports. Like REPEAT WHILE but runs the script once before testing the condition. Like REPEAT UNTIL but runs the script once before testing the condition. Like the built-in REPEAT UNTIL but keeps going while the condition is TRUE, not false. Composition of functions: make a new function f(g(x)). Like the built-in REPEAT but with #. Repetition with a renameable variable, user-settable start and end values, in ascending or descending order. Same as above, but allowing a step size other than 1 or -1. Like MAP, but do a script instead of reporting. Call f(f(f(...(f(x)))), i.e., compose a function with itself. This example is the factorial of 6. Also f(f(f(...(f(x))))) but cascading until some condition is met, instead of a fixed number of times. This one applies to words. It's useful along with LETTER 1 OF when writing recursive reporters. If the ones above are how you take sentences apart, this is how you put them together. It takes any number of inputs, each of which can be a word or a sentence. They are combined to form a new sentence. (In other words, this is like the built in JOIN except that it puts spaces between the inputs.) The most common pattern in recursive list reporters is ADJOIN (some-function-of ITEM 1 OF list-input) TO (recursive-call-with ALL BUT FIRST OF list-input) Make a new list combining all the items of any number of input lists. Make a new list with the items of the input list in reverse order. Copy a list but include each value only once. Compute a function of each item of the list, report a list of the resulting values. Select a subset of a list Use a two-input reporter to combine items one by one into a single value Take any number of lists, report a *list of lists* in which each sublist has one element from each input list, with all possibilities included. Reports TRUE for a list of length 0. Convenient base case in recursive procedures. ... in the current direction! Isn't this what they should have provided? A first step at promoting the idea of /a position/ as a single datum you can, e.g., save and restore. Same as above, but starting at the end. Reports a list of length 2, containing the first word and all but the first word of the sentence. One efficient pass through the string. Calling this once and storing the result in a script variable is the best way to write a recursive reporter on sentences. Like the built-in IF/THEN/ELSE block, but reports a value. LOOKS palette ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MOTION palette ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Here's a slightly different use of the same block just to help you understand the role of the "building up from" input. ... but constructing the entire list of 3x4x2=24 combinations silently and then saying them seems really sluggish. So sometimes you actually have to roll up your sleeves and write a recursive higher order procedure that has exactly the behavior you wanted. The version below doesn't generate a list of 24 combinations; it generates the combinations one at a time and processes each one (says it, in this example) as it's made. So, even though it's really just as slow, this doesn't /feel/ as slow because the slowness is distributed in between each speech balloon, instead of happening all at once. By the way, if you look inside the block you'll see that getting recursive calls to blocks with multiple-input slots right is tricky! CROSSMAP, used below, combines MAP and CROSSPRODUCT; the example shows that this can be really convenient, and also shows readably what CROSSPRODUCT does. Here's an example combining the above to do something more interesting: make an acronym from a phrase. These operations make many taks *really* easy to write once you get familiar with them! Here are three really crucial functions of functions: NOTE that unlike some of the built-in list blocks, these create new lists, not modifying their input lists! VARIABLES palette: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The ones below have to do with Scratch's string data type. Instead of flat strings of characters, what they *should* have provided are the Logo word and sentence operations, so that a sentence would automatically be divided into words, rather than into characters. This is much more convenient for dealing with human language text, the usual reason for wanting strings. Note: Some of these functions are pretty slow. You might want to use a *list* of words inside your program, using sentences only for user input and display. OPERATORS palette: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Run or call a block in a different sprite (one-line scripts using OF). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SENSING palette Same as the built-in OF, but with input slots instead of dropdown menus, so you can use the grey-border abbreviation instead of an explicit THE BLOCK